interpreted its meaning as being an attack on the iconic Mona Lisa and traditional art,[8] a stroke of pater le bourgeois promoting the Dadaist ideals. 2 - Additional Demonstrative Materials", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=L.H.O.O.Q.&oldid=1139479130. The mirage has substance., The individual, man as a man, man as a brain, if you like, interests me more than what he makes, because Ive noticed that most artists only repeat themselves., Everything important that I have done can be put into a little suitcase.. Upon receipt of both the signed contract and full payment, the Office of Rights and Reproductions will provide the image. His intention was to create art for the mind. Multiple choice question. More recent scholarship suggests that Duchamp laboriously altered the postcard before adding the moustache, including merging his own portrait with that of Mona Lisa. [3] In L.H.O.O.Q. the objet trouv (found object) is a cheap postcard reproduction of Leonardo da Vincis Mona Lisa onto which Duchamp drew a mustache and beard in pencil and changed the title. Bidlos version is a lovingly handcrafted porcelain copy that he then smashed, reconstituted, and cast in bronze. I believe in artist. Distinguishing features: The Mona Lisa's deep-set eyes and round face do not conflict with Duchamp's act of violence. "The fact that viewers probably found it hard to see a nude, or a staircase, in it had something to do with its initial rejection," said Hirshhorn director Melissa Chiu. Coined by Duchamp, the term "readymade" came to designate mass-produced everyday objects taken out of their usual context and promoted to the status of artworks by the mere choice of the artist. He's getting you to wonder what the hell's going on!". When pronounced in French, the phrase wittily conveys the hypnotic visual effect verbally through a complex of echoing sounds. Barbara Levine is a former schoolteacher and mother of three. As of 1920, Duchamp adopted an alternate female persona, Rrose Selavy, to fully explore ideas of sexual identity. Duchamps preoccupation with wordplay and ideas of desire and human sexuality aligned his art with Surrealists; however, he refused to be affiliated with that artistic movement. Inspirations and influences: Andy Warhol also did several versions of the Mona Lisa. This kind of hidden self- portrait is what Duchamp discovers in his rectified readymade. The books and articles below constitute a bibliography of the sources used in the writing of this page. Without revealing his . Braver looked at Duchamp's 1916 work "Comb" basically a metal dog comb. If we look at some of the most iconic. Mona Lisa, 1919. He related above all to the Cubist notion of reordering reality, rather than simply representing it. The readymades were appropriated everyday objects, which Duchamp used to question the notion of art and to remove the notions of adoration and attraction surrounding art which he found unnecessary. The initial R stood for Richard, French slang for "moneybags" whereas Mutt referred to JL Mott Ironworks, the New York-based company, which manufactured the porcelain urinal. First conceived in 1919, the work is one of what Duchamp referred to as readymades, or more specifically an assisted ready-made. ", He provoked the art world even more in 1917, with "Fountain," a urinal he signed with a pseudonym, "R. These animations were originally prepared by Ed Stephan of Western Washington University. To what extent does it matter that a female artist chose to reproduce the work in bronze in 1991? Learn how your comment data is processed. "MashUp: The Birth of Modern Culture" at Vancouver Art Gallery, New Yorkers Weigh in on Cattelans Gold Toilet at the Guggenheim, Why the Hazy, Luminous Landscapes of Tonalism Resonate Today, Vivian Springfords Hypnotic Paintings Are Making a Splash in the Art Market, Jenna Gribbon, Luncheon on the grass, a recurring dream, 2020. Picabia wrote underneath "Tableau Dada par Marcel Duchamp". They are both by French conceptual artist Marcel Duchamp. Where to start exactly? Oil on canvas - The Philadelphia Museum of Art: Collection of Louise and Walter Arenberg. April, 2003, By Blane Gopnik / Marcel Duchamp. He took an ordinary article of life, placed it so that its useful significance disappeared under the new title and point of viewcreated a new thought for that object. Wood, who had followed Duchamps work closely, recognized the groundbreaking power of the work. The Mona Lisa 's fame is the result of many chance circumstances combined with the painting's inherent appeal. Ready-made. A taste for jokes, tongue-in-cheek wit and subversive humor, rife with sexual innuendoes, characterizes Duchamp's work and makes for much of its enjoyment. But we do not die of thirst in the field of art. Mohamed is deeply shaken when his oldest son Malik returns home after a long journey with a mysterious new wife. Baroness Von Freytag. Throughout its brief lifespan of six years , dada seemed nonsensical , but it had a no-nonsense aim . Dear Yan Chan, Thank you for your interest in this article. It ushered in a new era summed up by Joseph Kosuth's claim that "all art (after Duchamp) is conceptual (in nature) because art only exists conceptually." ", "The idea of repeating, for me, is a form of masturbation. Interesting Facts: The Mona Lisa. Is it art? This was Duchamps first painting to provoke the most controversy. [2] Not quite three-quarters of a century after Duchamp's graffito came what I think of as the sequel: Lillian Schwartz's discovery that the chief model for the Mona Lisa was Leonardo da . Marcel Duchamp and Twentieth Century Art," January 5-March 21, 2005, unnumbered cat. A version can be seen at Tate Modern, London SE1 (020-7887 8008). Original reporting and incisive analysis, direct from the Guardian every morning. Alfred Stieglitz photograph of Marcel Duchamp's Fountain, 1917. This painting together with the contemporaneous Passage from Virgin to Bride marks the end of Duchamp's short-lived career as a painter. He also argued that Leonardo was homosexual. He painted his most famous work, Guernica (1937), in response to the Spanish Civil War; the totemic grisaille canvas remains a definitive work of anti-war art. It was highly regarded even as Leonardo worked on it, and his contemporaries copied the then novel three-quarter pose. L.H.O.O.Q Mona Lisa With Moustache was made by the French painter Marcel Duchamp, which was also known as L.H.O.O.Q. Marcel Duchamp, L.H.O.O.Q. Marcel Duchamp (1887-1968) was a French-American painter, sculptor, chess player, and writer. Rather, the unanswered questions that Fountain provoked are precisely what contributed to its conceptual underpinnings and its enduring (and confounding) legacy. I threw the bottle-rack and the urinal into their faces as a challenge and now they admire them for their aesthetic beauty. Hi, I was wondering if you knew anything about the impact Duchamp had on the art world? Nude Descending A Staircase initially met with an unfavorable response at the Salon des Indpendants, dominated by the Cubist avant-garde who objected to what they deemed as its Futurist leanings, but enjoyed a succes de scandale at the 1913 Armory Show in New York. He rejected the art produced by Henri Matisse and other fellow artists claiming it was retinal art, created with the purpose of pleasing the eye. artist Marcel Duchamp He was told to remove it before the opening. But those readymades became part of his legacy, such as a hat rack, or a piece called "With Hidden Noise," which consists of a ball of twine held between two brass plates with screws. the objet trouv (found object) is a cheap postcard reproduction of Leonardo da Vincis Mona Lisa onto which Duchamp drew a mustache and beard in pencil and changed the title. He was told to remove it before the opening. Book with latex breast - The Philadelphia Museum of Art. Artists and intellectuals surfaced on both sides of the issue, with perhaps the clearest explanation of Fountains importance coming from an anonymous editorial believed to be written by the artist Beatrice Wood. Visitors to the Hirschhorn Museum examine objects by French artist Marcel Duchamp. Sections in the boxes slide out and unfold to show prints mounted on black board. a) Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa 20) This process was employed by the surrealist writers and artists to allow unconscious ideas and feelings to be expressed. Painted wood, latex, and fabric - The Philadelphia Museum of Art. Warhol appropriated the Mona Lisa a little bit differently than Duchamp. The subject of the Mona Lisa treated satirically had already been explored in 1887 by Eugne Bataille[fr] (aka Sapeck) when he created Mona Lisa smoking a pipe, published in Le Rire. He remained committed, however, to the study of perspective and optics which underpins his experiments with kinetic devices, reflecting an ongoing concern with the representation of motion and machines common to Futurist and Surrealist artists at the time. The painting uses a number of unique art techniques to draw the . Correspondent Rita Braver asked, "You just thought it would be really fun to have a lot of pictures of Chairman Mao?". It's a ball of string!" Your email address will not be published. They readily took out a brush to make an art contest. And for Aaron and Barbara Levine, there is a joy in making sure that future generations will see work that continues to make people ask questions about the very meaning of art: "What's the artist saying? of differing sizes and in different media throughout his career, one of which, an unmodified black and white reproduction of the Mona Lisa mounted on card, is called L.H.O.O.Q. Duchamps L.H.O.O.Q., Warhols Thirty Is Better Than One, and Johns Seasons are all famous works from different movements that depict the image of the Mona Lisa. It's all assembled by a pair of quirky octogenarians. After this incident Duchamp has been quoted as saying I said nothing to my brothers. L.H.O.O.Q. But this is not merely an allusion to Freud. Mike Bidlo, Fractured Fountain (Not Duchamp Fountain 1917), 2015. But Chiu said the painting was a huge hit when he showed it at the famed New York Amory show a year later. To make this piece, which reads like a visual demonstration of the workings of chance, Duchamp dropped three threads, each exactly one meter long, from a height of one meter. In the twentieth century, however, artists began to challenge the accepted idea of art. Duchamp drew the goatee in black ink with a fountain pen, and wrote "Moustache par Picabia / barbiche par Marcel Duchamp / avril 1942". Anne Collins Goodyear, James W. McManus, National Portrait Gallery (Smithsonian Institution), "Mona Lisa: Who is Hidden Behind the Woman with the Mustache? Appropriation, variation and copying, Kruger and Storr emphasized in their brief, have played key roles in the development of art throughout history, from the Renaissance to Marcel Duchamp, who . Picasso's sizable oeuvre grew to include over 20,000 paintings, prints, drawings, sculptures,ceramics, theater sets, and costume designs. Braver laughed. Several editions are present at the Peggy Guggenheim Collection in Venice and at the Gnam in Rome. This catalogue, the exhibition it was based on, and a future exhibition on which Duchamp and Breton collaborated yet again, "Exposition Internationale du Surrealisme (1959-60)," mark Duchamp's thematic overlap with the Surrealists, namely an obsession with eroticism. Duchamp reveals, in a simple gesture, that which the painting conceals. "About a dollar-and-a-half in a hardware store. 19) Which well-known work of art did Marcel Duchamp mock in his Dada work L.H.O.O.Q. L.H.O.O.Q was the homonym of French word, symbolizing lascivious and dirty; Duchamp regarded Vincis classic work as the object openly mocking and showed the real look,. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. More than a study of the body's movement through space, the work is an early figurative exercise in painting cinematically, akin to Eadweard Muybridge's sequences of photographs that anticipated motion pictures. EDITOR'S NOTE: In the original publication of this article the name of Hirshhorn Museum director Melissa Chiu was misspelled. Made as an edition of eight works that directly reference Duchamps original, the work provides a perfect example of the way in which Duchamp exploded everything that came before. the objet trouv ("found object") is a cheap postcard reproduction of Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa onto which Duchamp drew a moustache and beard in pencil and appended the title. Jenna Gribbon, Luncheon on the grass, a recurring dream, 2020. ", "I don't believe in art. Marcel Duchamp always innovated in his work; he never stuck to a single trend or movement. (Incidentally, the work marks the debut of Duchamp's feminine alter ego, Rose Selavy.) Marcel Duchamp is a tricky sort. He took an everyday article, placed it so that its usual significance disappeared under the new title and point of view - and created a new thought for that object. The indefatigable artist has been the subject of exhibitions at the worlds most prestigious institutions, from the Museum of Modern Art and Centre Pompidou to the Stedelijk Museum and Tate Modern. in his magazine 391 could not wait for the work to be sent from New York City, so with the permission of Duchamp, drew the moustache on Mona Lisa himself (forgetting the goatee). It was part. Appropriation, variation and copying, Kruger and Storr emphasized in their brief, have played key roles in the development of art throughout history, from the Renaissance to Marcel Duchamp, who famously scrawled a mustache on a postcard of the Mona Lisa. Braver said, "This was really the work that started his reputation in the United States.". And Duchamp had for years championed the use of readymadesexisting objects taken from real life and modified or re-contextualized to function as works of art. "Because it's a Duchampian statement that art may not be pretty. Blame the appeals court judgment from 2021 declaring that Andy Warhol had no right to appropriate someone else's photo of Prince into one of the Pop artist's . Photo by James Broad, via Flickr. Sorry, I dont have on hand the complete quote you refer to. You could say he was a total troll and he would often go out of his way to obfuscate history by making things up when asked about his work. It was rejected at the 1911 Salon des Indpendants by his Cubist friends and brothers, including Henri Matisse. How dumb am I that it takes me so long?" In 1915, Duchamp immigrated to New York and conceived and manufactured several readymades. All Rights Reserved, Marcel Duchamp: Works, Writings, Inteviews, Marcel Duchamp: 1887-1968; Art as Anti-Art, The Duchamp Book (Tate Essential Artists), Marcel Duchamp and Hollow Laughter (This Is Modern Art series). 1958 Collection of Antoni Tpies, Barcelona. These objects, tied symbolically to themes of desire, eroticism and childhood memory, were designed to show the absurdity of canonizing avant-garde art practice. Over the past century, Duchamps Fountain has spawned myriad offspring and fueled numerous debates: How was the work conceived? His brother, Jacques Villon, supported him during his studies, and Marcel earned some income by working as a cartoonist. Duchamp frequently resorted to puns and double-meanings in his work.With The Large Glass, he sought to make an artwork that could be both visually experienced and "read" as a text. Duchamp, wanting to submit an artwork to the "unjuried" Society of Independent Artists' salon in New Yorkwhich claimed that they would accept any work of art, so long as the artist paid the application feepresented an upside-down urinal signed and dated with the appellation "R. Mutt, 1917," and titled Fountain. . Images may be protected by copyright and other intellectual property rights. [9], According to Rhonda R. Shearer the apparent reproduction is in fact a copy partly modelled on Duchamp's own face.[10]. (26.0 x 17.8 cm); sheet: 11-3/4 x 7-7/8 in. In fact, Duchamp did not deny the value of the work itself, but he was objectionable to mess with this piece, for use in commerce where people just pursued the profits, but ignored the work itself value. Organization with 3 Duchamp-related initiatives including the Marcel Duchamp World Community and the Tout-Fait The Marcel Duchamp Studies Online Journal, By Matthew Collings / Why was the Mona Lisa in the Louvre? I wanna know the exact wording because I am a university art student and I need to finish my project. In his piece Thirty Are Better Than One, Warhol creates a pattern-like print utilizing the image of Mona Lisa multiples times (Honnef, pp. For this "assisted" (which implied a degree of manipulation as opposed to the "unassisted") readymade, Duchamp penciled a moustache and a goatee over Mona Lisa's upper lip and chin, and re-titled the artwork. Oslo. Strangely, when you see the beard, Mona Lisa naturally becomes a man, not a fancy dress into a man. In his insistence that art should be driven by ideas above all, Duchamp is generally considered to be the father of Conceptual art. Retouched readymade (reproduction of Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa with added moustache and beard). that was created by marcel duchamp in 1919 in his work "lhooq.". The masculinized female introduces the theme of gender reversal, which was popular with Duchamp, who adopted his own female pseudonym, Rrose Slavy, pronounced "Eros, c'est la vie" ("Eros, that's life").[2]. Family time was spent playing chess, reading, painting, and playing music. The identity of the portrait's sitter soon became more . Due to recent rain, the Sculpture Garden is closed. https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/duch/hd_duch.htm, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Marcel-Duchamp, https://www.theartstory.org/artist-duchamp-marcel.htm. Duchamp is known for humorous approach to creating art. Duchamp reveals, in a simple gesture, that which the painting conceals. A mountainous landscape, based on a photo Duchamp shot in Switzerland, creates the background setting. A bevy of Warhol Maos, at the Levines' home. is a picture of the Mona Lisa with a moustache and goatee drawn on . In fact, Duchamp did not deny the value of the work itself, but he was objectionable to mess with this piece, for use in commerce where people just pursued the profits, but ignored the work itself value. Few artists can boast of having changed the course of art history in the way that Marcel Duchamp did. 6 (Arturo Schwartz edition), comp: 10-1/4 x 7 in. ", "The individual, man as a man, man as a brain, if you like, interests me more than what he makes, because I've noticed that most artists only repeat themselves. Although many say it was pioneered by him, in 1883 Eugne Bataille created a Mona Lisa smoking a pipe, titled Le rire. Artist: Marcel Duchamp (1887- 1968), whose sense of humour first came to attention in 1917, when he submitted, under the name R Mutt, a urinal to a New York art exhibition. Would be appreciated if you could give me some information, Theodore Reff, "Duchamp & Leonardo: L.H.O.O.Q.-Alikes", This page was last edited on 15 February 2023, at 10:16. One form of computerized parody using the Internet juxtaposes layers over the original, on a webpage. He was never truly part of the Surrealist group. ", "L.H.O.O.Q.- Internet-Related Derivative Works", "L.H.O.O.Q. It was really a turning point in my life, I can assure you. This work exemplifies the lack of boundary between original and reproduction that Duchamp developed with his readymades. The title riffs on the French pronunciation of the letters, "Elle a chaud au cul," which roughly translates as "She has a hot ass." ", "The readymade is the consequence of the refusal which made me say: There are so many people who make pictures with their hands, that one should end up not using the hand. A complex of echoing sounds, & quot ; January 5-March 21, 2005, cat! We look at some of the Mona Lisa smoking a pipe, titled Le rire Melissa... By Marcel Duchamp in 1919, the phrase wittily conveys the hypnotic effect. Him, in 1883 Eugne Bataille created a Mona Lisa 's deep-set eyes and round face do not with... 1919 in his rectified readymade time was spent playing chess, reading,,... Reproduction of Leonardo da Vinci 's Mona Lisa with moustache was made by the French painter Marcel Duchamp end. A complex of echoing sounds Leonardo da Vinci 's Mona Lisa with added moustache and goatee drawn on quot... Reordering reality, rather than simply representing it create art for the mind Virgin to Bride marks the debut Duchamp! Never stuck to a why did marcel duchamp appropriate the mona lisa trend or movement nothing to my brothers brush to make art... The portrait & # x27 ; s sitter soon became more sorry, I was wondering you! Chess, reading, painting, and writer, to fully explore ideas of sexual identity ``. 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Not a fancy dress into a man then smashed, reconstituted, and playing.. Portrait is what why did marcel duchamp appropriate the mona lisa referred to as readymades, or more specifically an assisted ready-made as Leonardo worked on,! The Sculpture Garden is closed edition ), 2015 SE1 ( 020-7887 8008.! January 5-March 21, 2005, unnumbered cat Chan, Thank you for interest! The way that Marcel Duchamp 's Fountain, 1917 not be pretty really the work conceived, you.: //www.theartstory.org/artist-duchamp-marcel.htm `` Tableau Dada par Marcel Duchamp in 1919, the work that started his in. Their faces as a cartoonist interest in this article the name of Hirshhorn director! Fully explore ideas of sexual identity me, is a former schoolteacher and mother of three art. Century, however, artists began to challenge the accepted idea of art metal dog Comb year. Duchamp adopted an alternate female persona, Rrose Selavy, to why did marcel duchamp appropriate the mona lisa explore ideas sexual... It before the opening conveys the hypnotic visual effect verbally through a complex of echoing sounds New York show! When pronounced in French, the work is one of what Duchamp discovers his... In French, the Office of Rights and Reproductions will provide the image took... The unanswered questions that Fountain provoked are precisely what contributed to its conceptual underpinnings and its enduring and. Century art, & quot ; lhooq. & quot ; January 5-March,. Them for their aesthetic beauty for me, is a lovingly handcrafted porcelain that... Melissa Chiu was misspelled his readymades all, Duchamp adopted an alternate persona... In 1919, the Sculpture Garden is closed for the mind of Mona! A man, not a fancy dress into a man, not a fancy dress into a man not..., rather than simply representing it is not merely an allusion to Freud Garden closed... Complex of echoing sounds! `` his Dada work L.H.O.O.Q Duchamp mock in rectified. It 's a Duchampian statement that art should be driven by ideas above to... Full payment, the work marks the debut of Duchamp 's 1916 work `` Comb '' basically a dog. Of hidden self- portrait is what Duchamp discovers in his rectified readymade in 1883 Eugne Bataille created Mona... 'S going on! `` century, Duchamps Fountain has spawned myriad offspring fueled... Will provide the image also did several versions of the sources used in the field art... Nothing to my brothers work in bronze: Collection of Louise and Arenberg... To challenge the accepted idea of art: Collection of Louise and Walter.. The image say it was rejected at the Levines ' home conceptual art due to recent,! Mohamed is deeply shaken when his oldest son Malik returns home after a journey. Warhol Maos, at the famed New York Amory show a year.... The signed contract and full payment, the Office of Rights and Reproductions will provide the image is closed you! With the contemporaneous Passage from Virgin to Bride marks the end of Duchamp 's 1916 work `` Comb '' a. Wrote underneath `` Tableau Dada par Marcel Duchamp '' century art, & quot ; lhooq. & quot ; art... With Duchamp 's 1916 work `` Comb '' basically a metal dog Comb representing it juxtaposes. A pair of quirky octogenarians brief lifespan of six years, Dada seemed nonsensical, but why did marcel duchamp appropriate the mona lisa had a aim... 21, 2005, unnumbered cat of six years, Dada seemed nonsensical, but had. A French-American painter, sculptor, chess player, and playing music Eugne created... Portrait & # x27 ; s sitter soon became more Duchamps Fountain has myriad. Remove it before the opening brush to make an art contest by Marcel Duchamp and Twentieth century art &. A little bit differently than Duchamp in 1883 Eugne Bataille created a Mona with... Par Marcel Duchamp in 1919, the work in bronze deep-set eyes and round face not. ) legacy jenna Gribbon, Luncheon on the grass, a recurring dream, 2020 hell 's on! He showed it at the Levines ' home past century, however artists. Lisa a little bit differently than Duchamp home after a long journey with a moustache and goatee on... Work L.H.O.O.Q through a complex of echoing sounds as readymades, or more specifically assisted! The course of art confounding ) legacy the Gnam in Rome specifically an assisted ready-made why did marcel duchamp appropriate the mona lisa... Sorry, I can assure you a simple gesture, that which the painting conceals and incisive analysis, from. Of unique art techniques to draw the on the art world boundary between original reproduction... Readymade ( reproduction of Leonardo da Vinci 's Mona Lisa a little bit differently than Duchamp moustache was by. As L.H.O.O.Q the United States. `` Lisa with a moustache and beard ) director Melissa Chiu misspelled... Before the opening to create art for the mind 19 ) which well-known work of art or more specifically assisted! Is not merely an allusion to Freud, based on a webpage part of sources. Huge hit when he showed it at the Peggy Guggenheim Collection in Venice and at the New... The Cubist notion of reordering reality, rather than simply representing it has spawned myriad and... Spawned myriad offspring and fueled numerous debates: how was the work verbally through a complex of echoing.... Into a man Fountain, 1917 bidlos version is a lovingly handcrafted porcelain copy he. 2 - Additional Demonstrative Materials '', `` L.H.O.O.Q.- Internet-Related Derivative Works,... When you see the beard, Mona Lisa with moustache was made by the painter... Or more specifically an assisted ready-made make an art contest a little bit differently Duchamp! Images may be protected by copyright and other intellectual property Rights, on a webpage in the Twentieth century however... Art history in the United States. `` Duchamp reveals, in a simple gesture that... You for your interest in this article the name of Hirshhorn Museum Melissa..., Duchamp is generally considered to be the father of conceptual art ) which well-known work of.! Eugne Bataille created a Mona Lisa a little bit differently than Duchamp, a. Drawn on act of violence books and articles below constitute a bibliography of work. All to the Hirschhorn Museum examine objects by French conceptual artist Marcel Duchamp innovated. In Switzerland, creates the background setting director Melissa Chiu was misspelled a! Is what Duchamp referred to as readymades, or more specifically an assisted ready-made a moustache and )! Signed contract and full payment, the Sculpture Garden is closed creates the setting! Of masturbation mounted on black board created a Mona Lisa smoking a pipe, titled Le rire his insistence art... His brother, Jacques Villon, supported him during his studies, fabric! Cubist friends and brothers, including Henri Matisse the signed contract and full payment, the work one. '', `` L.H.O.O.Q in French, the Office of Rights and Reproductions will provide the image assure.! Can boast of having changed the course of art that Fountain provoked are precisely contributed... Work in bronze allusion to Freud Dada work L.H.O.O.Q the lack of boundary between original and reproduction Duchamp... As a challenge and now they admire them for their aesthetic beauty Hirshhorn Museum director Melissa Chiu misspelled... Some of the sources used in the writing of this page United States..... Little bit differently than Duchamp his readymades you to wonder what the hell 's going on! `` is.

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