What are the different types of coastal management? Create and find flashcards in record time. Coastal management must be sustainable; any strategy adopted must not cause unnecessary damage to the environment, peoples homes and livelihood and should not cost too much. Changes in the size, composition, and distribution of human populations affect coastal regions by changing land use and land cover. They tend to fish close to the shore and use the catch to feed their families, whereas men typically engage in large-scale commercial fishing offshore or in major inland water bodies.28 Operating on a smaller scale, women who fish earn only 40 percent of what men earn for fishing in El Salvador. Coastal regions also provide critical inputs for industry, including water and space for shipping and ports; opportunities for recreational activities such as fishing and diving; and other raw materials, including salt and sand. Which hard engineering approach is the most problematic? The high concentration of people in coastal regions has produced many economic benefits, including improved transportation links, industrial and urban development, revenue from tourism, and food production. The study indicates that three counties in Florida and six parishes in Louisiana (Collier, Monroe, and Miami-Dade counties in Florida; Assumption, Cameron, Lafourche, Terrebonne, St. Mary and Vermilion parishes in Louisiana) account for the majority of the total area available for landward migration. weve been looking at the ecosystem services provided by the various habitats, whether its How many sediment cells and SMP's are there in the UK? Addressing population issues is key to achieving such balance. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. maintained or updated. Policymakers and program managers can take several steps to address and integrate population concerns into their coastal management efforts. Achieving a balance between top-down legislative authorities and bottom-up community involvement requires understanding issues and maintaining strong links with stakeholders in the area. WebHuman actions that lead to the destruction of dune grasses and the disturbance of coastal landforms promote increased erosion and movement of beach materials. Planting dead trees in the sand to stabilise dunes. Unless governments and users of coastal resources take action, population pressures and the associated levels of economic activity will further degrade many coastal habitats. 2: Groynes at Mundesley in Norfolk, UK. Prevents longshore drift, flooding, and erosion. Allows beaches to build up. Conflict often exists between different stakeholders, such as residents and the local council. The Bardados Programme of Action, adopted during the Global Conference on the Sustainable Development of SIDS held in Barbados in 1994, defines the priorities, the cross-sectoral areas as well as the actions and strategies to be undertaken at national, regional and global level to ensure the sustainable development of SIDS. Therefore, coastal management must be sustainable. The idea is to make the beach larger to dissipate the wave energy, thereby reducing wave erosion. Other coastal protection benefits include savings in damages during storm events, reductions in erosion and reductions in the costs of engineering for coastal protection, reflected, in a few cases, by positive benefit-cost ratios (e.g. also see [ 20 ]). In contrast, extensive lawns do not provide as much visual interest, stability against erosion (their roots are relatively shallow), or value for wildlife. When concentrated in small, confined, and overcrowded areas such as coastal zones, pollution and other problems pose greater threats to human health. While PESCO-DEV is a recent small-scale project, its success provides an example of how local communities and governments can design and implement integrated population, health, and environment programs to protect and rehabilitate the coastal environment.1. The idea of cliff stabilisation is to limit the amount of erosion and the potential for landslides, collapse, and falling rocks. Of course there are myriad reasons that people live near the coast, including job opportunities, abundant natural resources, culture, and climate. A)xNw} _M>N>4|O|+rMj;n_e)v/p5 ot"[ R *ej! ICM has been endorsed repeatedly in international conferences, including the 1992 UN Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and the 2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development in Johannesburg, South Africa. Sign up to highlight and take notes. The problem is particularly acute in developing countries. The idea is to reduce the slope of the cliff and revegetate the cliff top. The reef is also threatened by inadequate treatment of sewage in the surrounding area. Accepted development. Accepted coastal development refers to tidal works, or works in a coastal management district that are of moderate environmental risk, that do not require a development approval. At least 107 of the worlds 134 coastal developing nations are involved in some type of ICM effort at the national or subnational level.33 In general, the most successful ICM efforts share several characteristics: Managing coastal areas requires concerted multisectoral efforts by government institutions at all levels, the private sector, and community groups, as well as sustained political support. Creating new sand dunes or restoring existing ones. POPs tend to linger in living tissue and become more concentrated as they move up the food chain, so they are sometimes found even in people who live in remote, undeveloped regions. And I am certainly not alone. The feedback will only be used for improving the website. Joan Castro et al., Integrating Population and Coastal Resource Management for Food Security The Philippines Model (2000), accessed online at www.path.org/philippines/phils_model.htm, on June 20, 2003. More than 100 countries many of them small islands rely on the resources that coral reefs provide.1But coral reefs are increasingly threatened by human activity, particularly in developing countries. Predatory Snails Overrunning Florida Oyster Reefs. The high-level United Nations Conference to Support the Implementation of Sustainable Development Goal 14: Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development was convened at United Nations Headquarters in New York from 5 to 9 June 2017, coinciding with World Oceans Day, to support the implementation of Sustainable Development Goal 14. Buccoo Reef, Tobago: Balancing Tourism, Health, and Livelihood. When selecting plants, always be sure to avoid invasive species by checking the Massachusetts Invasive Plant Advisory Group's Evaluation of Non-Native Plant Species for Invasiveness in Massachusetts (PDF, 272 KB) or the Invasive Plant Atlas of New England. catch(e){var iw=d;var c=d[gi]("M331907ScriptRootC243064");}var dv=iw[ce]('div');dv.id="MG_ID";dv[st][ds]=n;dv.innerHTML=243064;c[ac](dv); Strategies have to take into account the following: To achieve this, the following options are available. Create a more consistent water level that can be used for hydroelectricity. Tidal saline wetlands along the northern Gulf of Mexico are abundant, diverse, and vulnerable to sea-level rise, said Nicholas Enwright, USGS researcher and lead author of the study. All Right Reserved. Widens the beach/dune, therefore, slowing down waves and preventing erosion. Bundles or rocks in metal mesh located at cliff bases. Beach nourishment is where the sediment lost through erosion is replaced. They are similar to a sea wall but more sloping. They are designed to prevent longshore movement of sediment and encourage deposition, creating a broader and higher beach. Thank you for your website feedback! Coral reefs are major storehouses for biodiversity, providing habitat for at least 1 million species of marine animals and plants despite covering only a tiny fraction of the ocean floor. Managing natural resources like fish, water, farmland to ensure long term productivity. Suggestions are presented as an open option list only when they are available. Fig. Definition. The disadvantages are that the ongoing costs are high as the sediment needs replacing every few years as waves remove it. As coastal development along the Gulf Coastcontinuesto expand, tidal saline wetlands could have difficulty adjusting to rising sea levels. Increases the distance a wave has to travel, thus slowing it down and preventing erosion. What are the advantages and disadvantages of a revetment? It is a dynamic strategy where decisions are re-evaluated if the environment or demands on the area change. In a growing number of countries, coastal zone managers are adopting integrated, multidisciplinary approaches to resource management that incorporate the perspectives of all stakeholders, including governments, the private sector, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), and individuals. People like Pat Hamilton, featured in the video. var i=d[ce]('iframe');i[st][ds]=n;d[gi]("M331907ScriptRootC264917")[ac](i);try{var iw=i.contentWindow.document;iw.open();iw.writeln("");iw.close();var c=iw[b];} In many countries, populations in coastal areas are growing faster than those in noncoastal areas. WebTen Principles for Coastal Development - Urban Land Institute Migration barriers from current and future urban development are most likely to occur around Tampa, Florida, extending along the coastline toward Fort Myers, Florida. Groyne Building wooden fence-like barriers at right angles to the beach. What were we doing before Deepwater Horizon? These plants also beautify your yard, preserve the appearance of the natural shoreline, and provide privacy screening. In the United States, the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration has developed the Coastal Assessment Framework, which uses census data and mapping programs to provide managers and analysts with a watershed-based system for collecting and organizing resource-use data and developing coastal management strategies.37 Many problems with water quality and ecosystems are best solved at the watershed level, which encompasses the full area that drains into a particular body of water. If you would like to continue helping us improve Mass.gov, join our user panel to test new features for the site. Coastal Development One of the biggest threats to remaining mangrove forests is coastal development. It recognises that sediment eroded in one location may form a protective beach elsewhere. Coastal barrage partly submerging dam-like structures that control the tidal flow. Buccoo Reef Trust, Tobago Marine Research Centre: Background Paper (unpublished paper, 2002). Coastal development impacts may be direct such as land filling, dredging, and coral and sand mining for construction, or indirect, such as increased runoff of sediment and pollutants ( Reefresilience, 2016 ). Like other countries, Mexico's coastline is highly valued for many reasons. Tidal saline wetlands are an important and distinct ecosystem, yet the increase in human development along coastlines is placing a burden on the wetlands ability to adapt to rising sea levels., In response to sea-level rise, coastal wetlands have historically moved across the landscape, said Michael Osland, USGS Research Ecologist and co-author of the study. Vegetation is planted as their roots help to stabilize the cliff structure and increase cohesion, consequently, the cliff will be more stable and less prone to cliff material slumping or sliding off. People who live in coastal regions may suffer the cumulative burden of environmental stress from the activities on and overcrowding of the coast and from upstream and inland development. Therefore a decision to protect one coastal community may not outweigh the disadvantages of exposing another community to increased erosion. The population of Ecuadors Galapagos Islands has grown rapidly since the early 1980s, largely due to the arrival of coastal fishermen. Box 1 Strategies have to take into account the following: Flooding and erosion of the coastline will have social, economic, and environmental impacts. What are the three critical factors of an ICZM? Historically, these wetlands have been able to adjust to small fluctuations in sea level through natural processes that can increase their elevation in their current area. var D=new Date(),d=document,b='body',ce='createElement',ac='appendChild',st='style',ds='display',n='none',gi='getElementById',lp=d.location.protocol,wp=lp.indexOf('http')==0?lp:'https:'; Bathing in or ingesting sewage-contaminated water can cause infections and transmit diseases such as cholera, particularly among children under 5.22 In developing countries, more than 90 percent of wastewater and 70 percent of industrial wastes are discharged in coastal waters without being treated. Khi c tc p[]. Worldwide, sewage is the largest source of environmental contamination, and discharges have increased dramatically in the past three decades. That coastal management must be sustainable, whereby economic development is essential but is not prioritised over the protection of the coastal environment. Free and expert-verified textbook solutions. What does Participatory Planning mean in relation to a coastal zone? Rainera L. Luero and Robert Layng, Understanding Reproductive Health/Natural Resource Management Integration in the Philippines,. It can have a stepped or bullnose profile. Modern sea walls are designed to dissipate wave energy. Riprap Large rock boulders piled on the beach in front of the cliff or sea wall. Governance approaches include Shoreline Management Plans (SMPs), Sustainable Integrated Approaches (SIA) and Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM). Hard engineering can be expensive, and it disrupts the natural process. Create flashcards in notes completely automatically. Because there is no common definition of what constitutes a coastal region, estimates of coastal populations vary. Many species are overharvested because the world fishing fleet is larger than it needs to be. Coastal areas worldwide are major destinations for tourism, which represents the fastest growing sector of the global economy.15 Tourism dominates the economy of some regions and small island states; for example, tourism constitutes 95 percent of the economy of the Maldives and is the countrys only source of hard currency.16 Tourism can offer some environmental benefits, such as greater appreciation of the value of natural resources. Please limit your input to 500 characters. They reflect wave energy rather than absorb it, are intrusive and unnatural and are very expensive to build and maintain, 300010,000. In Maryland, wetlands reduced damages by Brian Voigt, Glossary of Coastal Terminology (March 1998), accessed online at www.csc.noaa.gov/text/glossary.html, on Aug. 15, 2003; Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). If you need assistance, please see CZM Website Help. Large walls constructed from concrete, steel, or stone are located along the shoreline of a beach. What are some coastal management strategies? Given its importance, careful consideration needs to be given to managing the coastline to ensure that its resources are utilised wisely while preserving its natural beauty and processes. December 2022 - You are accessing an archived version of our website. Integrated coastal management (ICM), an internationally accepted approach to managing resources that is based on the United States 1972 Coastal Zone Management Act, allows policymakers and planners to take population issues into account when looking at the pressures, threats, and opportunities facing coastal areas. And higher beach protect one coastal community may not outweigh the disadvantages of exposing community... Are located along the Gulf Coastcontinuesto expand, tidal saline wetlands could difficulty. 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