working @ a spa in Louisiana since the new year some changes have been made. At commission salons/spas, you need to calculate the employee/educator's average hourly rate on commission. I make 50% commission. I realized they had a no tipping policy when a client tried to tip me and they said no we dont allow that and then saying that they compensate us for the tip, which they dont. Anyways, the answer to your question is that no. Hey Monica! There are a million rumors about past employees getting taken to court and not getting taken to court, but no one has ever received a clear-cut definition of what the contract means by competition. And the only person I have actually known to have been sued for competition settled out of court. [] are abdicating their responsibilities, forcing their employees into the position of part-owner, expecting more of them than is reasonable, or [], [] wages, she refused. Here you go Kate! Im unsure whether or not that is legal in MA. Various local tax withholdings (such as city, county, or school district taxes, state disability or unemployment insurance). It sounds clear to me that deductions are being made. If you want to protect your salon, your employees and your reputation, you should purchase an insurance policy as soon as you open or start your hair salon. Now Im realizing my problem is much bigger than I originally thought. Washington state does have laws in place to protect employees against wage theft, which is exactly what is happening here when your employer charges YOU for cost of doing business expenses like color and product. Report them to the labor board. NAC608.160Withholding of amounts from wages due. I recommend reading this article I posted which outlines your rights in the salon, and the articles linked within it. The salon also regularly runs specials pricing promotions and that comes off the top before the splits. I pay commission to all stylist 50%-60%, and a sliding scale on all retail sold. Its really high for a typical merchant services company. She also lied to us about the commission staff not being our employees. thank you so much. In America, nobody works for free. These may not seem like likely events, but they can and do happen and hair salons all over the world face the consequences of being unprepared for such salon accidents and resulting lawsuits. She then told me that this is something this salon does and I need to either be a part of it or dont. If the employer is deducting anything not specifically permitted on the list in the Texas Payday Law guidelines, its not a legal deduction. What I am asking is if it is legal for my employer to deduct these product charges in my state. Kate Brown, documents show.. Lindsey . - This Ugly Beauty Business, this template for a Wage Deduction Authorization agreement, Get a REAL job. | This Ugly Beauty Business, AASM: She takes 50% of MY money Professionals, its time to change your attitudes about salon owners. Our salon manual states that service fees will be charged to defer product cost. Heres what the Texas Workforce Commission website says: Deductions from Wages Ive seen professionals come out of the dispensary with the bowl filled to the brim. What is your advice/suggestions. It depends on whether or not those charges were discussed prior to your acceptance of the employment arrangement. Check your state statutes and consider contacting your states labor board. about what you will do if a client does file a lawsuit against you. If they want to be their own boss, then they need to be their own damn boss. Im updating the article now. It might not be specifically outlawed by your state legislation, but it certainly isnt acceptable. She said that since she deducts it before k commission is figured thats its legal cuz the client pays for it. If the contract reads like a list of requirements for you but promises you nothing in return, do not sign it. Yes. If the employees commission earningsfall short of this, the employer must make up the difference. The legality of this comes into question when employers use high commissions as a way to disguise low wages. Personally, I think that even doing a line-item billing structure like that is more trouble than its worth. I have to use all the provided products and only those. Is your salon landlord being a Grinch this holiday season? Contracts that violate state or federal laws are unenforceable. It should take you directly to the PA statutes regarding wage deductions. As far as commenting on which legal structure to use for your business, this is out of scope for our purpose. Any follow up with this information for the state of Florida? Some clients may also be allergic to these chemicals. I am in an apprenticeship program in Las Vegas NV. i am not just buying the hair products also color, foil, bleach,ect Deductions are any withdrawals made from employee wages by the employer. I recommend having a discussion with your employer about it and working together to either change the status or utilize it properly (with you paying rent and running your own business within the salon itself like a proper self-employed person). Please contact us! A $5-10 per service towel charge? I know we invest in our professionals. Without good stylist nail technicians massage therapist and estheticians our salons would be nothing so find the bus that will take care of you. What if a simple massage leads to an injury or a sexual harassment claim? Preparing various reconciliation reports. When you repeatedly ask your staff to be more efficient and less wasteful and still see gobs of color in the dispensary sink or a bowl full of suds after shampoos and so on, it gets extremely frustrating. Im so tired of trying to make money in this industry I feel as though I put so much energy and passion into my work with little in return. If its more than 4% what then? "She was stunned, shocked, crying . Other causes of hair salon lawsuits include employee endangerment, stolen items, damaged items and emotional damage. A young woman accuses her parolee grandfather of placing her in a chokehold and killing a dog. When shes not writing, educating, or consulting, she can be found overthinking everything, identifying problems people didnt know existed, and stubbornly working to change the things she cannot accept. The states and districts that pay Nail Technicians the highest mean salary are Minnesota ($37,170), New Hampshire ($34,160), Iowa ($34,010), Idaho ($32,870 . does this make this legal? Act like it. The way fees are being deducted from the gross sale before your commission is calculated would be considered legal so long as your employer classifies you properly (as an employeewhich means theyre also deducting and paying employment taxes) and theyre meeting or exceeding the prevailing minimum wage in your area. I am a W2 employee, Not 1099, if that matters. Our industry is not given special exemption from these laws. First off I want to tell you how much I enjoy your blog. We are hourly or commission, whichevers greater. It is unprofessional, causes resentment in the workplace, and makes clients uncomfortable. This is a poor managementpractice thats guaranteed to cost the salon a clients business and their respect for the establishment. I know most of the girls there from the beauty school I attended. Read on to explore these duties that apply to business ownership, salon procedure, and customer service. If they want to be their own boss, then they need to be their own damn boss. Is a 3 year contract normal in a salon? Also, it doesnt sound rectified. We are required to buy our own products for our stations. However, in some cases, a trip to the hair salon can turn out to be a disaster. instead we were informed that the new price increase will be going towards the house only to cover product fees. And when I say the clients need to be informed, I mean they need to be informedin advance of their appointment. But I think your misunderstanding what Im saying. Slip and fall injuries can include broken bones and bruises and lawsuits related to such accidents can result in big settlements. I more wanted to know if that backbar deduction was legal, which it seems like it is based on the fact she stated it in writing. I had just moved to Michigan and thought it was standard. I stated back I have never agreed to the fee in writing nor verbally. I haveand Im the most organized, mathematically gifted person in the salon 9 times out of 10. I set my own prices, but cannot charge more than what our head stylist/2nd owner charge. These are expenses routinely incurred during the normal course of business, required for you to do your job. The owner is most likely relying on the fact that even though they are deducting from your pay, you are still making minimum wage for each hour worked (after deductions). being unprepared for such salon accidents and resulting lawsuits. The computer, the printer, needed updating. In general, almost all costs that an employer might incur in providing a workplace for and meeting various needs of its employees, in complying with workplace regulations that impose a duty on the employer (such as supplying employees with safety equipment required under OSHA regulations), and in paying for the expenses of an ongoing business operation, will be regarded as part of the normal cost of doing business that may not be deducted from an employees wages to the extent that it would take the employees pay below minimum wage, or result in payment of less than one and one half times the regular rate of pay for any overtime hours. This can be more difficult than it is with other businesses because salons can offer a wider range of services, and customers are more likely to prefer services from a certain individual. U.S. Department of Labor. APPLETON - ThedaCare is dropping its lawsuit against Ascension Wisconsin over a group of former employees that they previously argued Ascension had improperly recruited to work at its . In the lawsuit, attorneys for Lindsey Graham accuse the . Labor Code Section 2802. On top of that, when I started working there oct- dec they were not deducting my fees and when they caught it back charged me the 1200$ I owed them for their mistake. This would be legal if they informed you that your compensation would be based on NET (not gross) sales. The date range borders on unreasonable as well. they need to do the math to properly calculate their service prices, exempt (salaried) and non-exempt (everyone else), The Salon Compensation and Pricing Megakit. (b) Reasonable cost, as determined in 531.3 does not include a profit to the employer or to any affiliated person. Although the question of affiliation is one of fact, where any of the following persons operate company stores or commissaries or furnish lodging or other facilities they will normally be deemed affiliated persons within the meaning of the regulations: (1) A spouse, child, parent, or other close relative of the employer; (2) a partner, officer, or employee in the employer company or firm; (3) a parent, subsidiary, or otherwise closely connected corporation; and (4) an agent of the employer. A salon owner that can do the work will build trust with their employees and their community, and they will be able to gauge employee performance. Should you be fired for making valid complaints regarding your rights, it could be considered retaliatory termination. In an employee/employer situation, the employer owns the client database. Total moron move, in my opinion. (Neither of those provisions apply either. c.) if the funds are not returned, you will (file a wage complaint, engage legal counsel, etc.). Thats what I meant by restricted. But againirrelevant. * the deductions sound legal, so long as they are not reducing your wages below the prevailing minimum AND you were aware that you were being compensated based on *net* sales; not *gross* sales, My employer deducuts shop costs from the service before figuring what my commission on that service should be. There is nothing on my checks to show this deduction. Your employer likely has you misclassified. Emails are good. ins.style.display='block';ins.style.minWidth=container.attributes.ezaw.value+'px';ins.style.width='100%';ins.style.height=container.attributes.ezah.value+'px';container.appendChild(ins);(adsbygoogle=window.adsbygoogle||[]).push({});window.ezoSTPixelAdd(slotId,'stat_source_id',44);window.ezoSTPixelAdd(slotId,'adsensetype',1);var lo=new MutationObserver(window.ezaslEvent);lo.observe(document.getElementById(slotId+'-asloaded'),{attributes:true}); Leading by example in these servicesif(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'salonbusinessboss_com-large-mobile-banner-1','ezslot_4',168,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-salonbusinessboss_com-large-mobile-banner-1-0'); Ensuring cleanliness of the facility. They need to decide what positions need to be filled, what qualifications they are looking for, and who is the best fit for that position. Charging employees to work for you is completely unacceptable, unethical, and unprofessional. If the items damaged are valuable, the client may decide to file a claim against the salon for damages. So, because the shop costs are being deducted from the service amount before my commission is calculated and not deducted directly from my paycheck, that makes it legal? If she wants the client to pay for it, the client needs to be paying for it in the form of higher service charges or added fees for chemical services. If the team is not happy, clients are going to be affected. Meaning if a color charge for the client was *hypothetically* $100, even if I had to use 3 tubes of color, it would stay $100 for the client, but I would personally be charged almost $30 out of my minimum wage. I know that we are non exempt employees and are protected under FSLA laws but Ive read about a white collar exemption that makes it permissible for employers to treat commission based employees as if they are exempt. Where can I find information? Duties in this area include: Leading by example and performing services, Ensuring the cleanliness of the salon. This is not a good fit for every salon, but it is a possible avenue for salons getting started. art of many hair treatments and styling products. Jeff Reynolds is the author of the book, Behind the Curtain: Inside the Network of Progressive Billionaires and Their Campaign to Undermine Democracy, available at www.WhoOwnsTheDems.com. Seems questions/answers are related to commission or hourly employees. Hi Tina, thank you for your dedication to answering so many questions. Depends on the state. Dont embarrass yourself. What if a tanning bed malfunction causes a customer to become burnt? (I wrote about that here.). To those of you who want to contact me and say, Well my attorney said this, or My accountant said that, I have this to say to you: I have had many salon owners email me the same lines. Posted Tue, May 12, 2020 at 4:44 pm PT. What exactly are the laws on this? A lawsuit could cause you to close down your hair salon temporarily or permanently. When youre the type of owner who actually compensates their employees correctly (which is fucking expensive), its really frustrating to have to take on those additional costs. mind blown at this point. I use the term "worker" because a 1099 worker IS NOT an employee. In NH, d/b/a Marine Agency Insurance. From now on, you record all sales and compare that to your checks. My wife works at a nail salon and splits 60/40 with the store. I have always been an hourly employee and I have no idea if this is a good deal? . What is your take on this and what would you advise in this situation? Lindsey Graham, who runs the Glamour Salon in downtown Salem, was fined $14,000 in May after she continued to operate her business despite an executive order . We were to wear a uniform of all black Nicole, I feel I should also say that you should NEVER refund services to a client. Absolutely not legal. PA law also states: If you have borrowed money from a third party, you can give the employer written permission to deduct payments from your earnings. Owners of booth rental establishments can sell product to their renters if they like (its actually something I recommend in this article). While this may sound like a difficult thing to do especially if you're angry or feeling frustrated about the lawsuit, it is better to stay calm and be optimistic that things will . Here is why this is illegal and improper: the owner is requiring you to use specific products (which you have to buy from her at her prices) but she is dictating the service prices. Take a look back at your last two weeks of service sales and compare what you would have made on those services if you had received 40% commission on them. Hello. A San Francisco salon owner has said she is fed up with the rampant crime in the city after her business was hit by burglars four times in a year.. Josie Li, owner of La Boutique salon, says she . Schools need to really have a better course for the business side of the industry. Any contract that violates a state or federal law (in this case, the US Constitution) is not enforceable. "We had an amazingly talented stylist--well rounded in cut, color, updos, makeupbut this person was a very difficult employee. If youre with one of the national chains, one of the terms of your employment likely did include a non-solicitation agreement. Rental of uniforms where the wearing of a uniform is required by law, the employer, or by the nature of the work. We are employees (taxes taken out) and given an hourly only if it does not exceed our commission. What were you thinking? (b)Any employee contribution to a benefit program, such as health insurance or a pension plan, as permitted pursuant to NRS 608.110. I live in Florida and as we know unfortunately it is a right work state. On top of buying all that $2 is taken from every client to cover backbar expenses. Salon Owner Sues Oregon Over State-Sanctioned Shutdown Harassment'I Can't Back Down Now' Graham has fought back since May 2020, when she defied Democrat Oregon Governor Kate Brown and her . Recently, my employer has implemented a policy that for every chemical service I perform, I am charged a flat $2.50 fee. Plain and simple. You were hired under false pretenses. Im also getting taxed before the 8% backbar is even deducted. I say it a lot. That means youve been tracking hours and ensuring prevailing wage compliance. I recently just resigned at a spa where I was working on a 40% commission and the employer was deducting what they claimed was a 10% product cost deduction from my 40% wages. Its stupidity all around. My first job out of nail school I was jacked pay. Where the primary benefit of such facilities is to the employers business interest, credit will be denied. Its unfortunate that this is such a common issue in our industry. People won't chime in through a contract or an agreement, they vote with their feet & their money. I tried to investigate the laws on deductions but they are difficult to interpret. Our parts cant be accurately quantified. when required by law (such as taxes),to the benefit of the employee (such as health insurance premiums, union dues etc.),a valid wage assignment or wage deduction order in effect, madewith the express written consent of the employee, given freely at the time the deduction is made.The law allows other deductions for employees of the City of Chicago, METRA, CTA, CHA, Chicago Park District, Chicago Board of Education and Chicago City Colleges. I wrote about that here though. I have worked on a strait commission basis for many years and always made a decent living. (I believe theres also a comment here about it.) My wife and I are opening a salon in NJ, We spoke to someone at the labor board and she said the charging an employee backbar in nj (ie: $5.00 for a color service) was legal. To me, it really doesnt sound like they have any clue what theyre doing. They didnt have a right to take your book. Guess the owner has a different idea of what that definition is. Then you have the occasional client who thinks theyre being the best client ever by tipping $500 or so, but really, what theyre doing is costing the business even more money. They make sure that you are aware that you are a lesser person. Employment practices liability insurance (EPLI) protects your small business when a worker sues over employment-related issues. If Im using a bunch of color the upcharge would be $80 instead of $50. Who do I contact? Cash based businesses, like salons, are often targeted for By now, it's no secret that many beauty professionals Alright, so you were a good person and you "Never work for free!" Deleting posts on a site like this doesnt benefit me whatsoever (because SEO). The Texas Payday Law outlines which deductions can be made legally. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. I am in a similar situation in MA. Is this legal? Unless the owner agreed to it in your employment contract, yes, its legal. I say it a lot. If so, absolutely. I am a commission based employee at a salon in CT. 30c04 Primarily for the benefit of the employer. Thank you so much for your time and i hope that you are able to answer my questions as i wrote them. There are several red flags about the way my boss does business with her stylists that have me considering quitting. Hello! Honestly, shed be better off doing some goddamn math and properly calculating her service pricing instead of undercutting her staff. In my experience, 9 times out of 10, salon owners overcomplicate their payroll unintentionally. Seemingly, all appropriate taxes are being withheld. So, he could, but it wouldnt be a smart move. When shes not writing, educating, or consulting, she can be found overthinking everything, identifying problems people didnt know existed, and stubbornly working to change the things she cannot accept. Is it legal? This is a large, well-respected salon that has been in business for like 30 years. But if you added them on Facebook but didnt solicit their business. AND NVR In MY LiFe have been charged a 5%fee on credit card tips. If so, the odds of you receiving a favorable outcome are questionable. Well, that actually depends. Another thing is that she makes us volunteer to work for free! Tammy's Nails 2 has agreed to pay Shellman $1.75 million for her hardship, according to court documents filed Dec. 16, which named no individual defendants. I was hired at my Medical Spa as an hourly employee. I work in a salon in Wisconsin and have similarly issues. The basis of myargument is that the landlord should not have been using a central booking system to begin with, since it constitutes an inappropriate degree of controlover your business. There is talk of the salon buying color but we will have 2% of total color cost for week taken from our check. And if not what proof can I show the owner? So, you're going to court (most likely a small What can you do when your booth renters are behind on payments and you don't have a written lease? these taps are taken out before our commission is taken into account. If a client asks where the professional went and you know, you need to tell them. If the owner previously promised you a commission on retail and then revoked it, theyd have to alert you to that prior to the start of that pay period. The client follows. Its shameful. Kate Brown, documents show. According to a Hiscox study, nearly one in five small businesses will face employee litigation, which can cost upwards of $125,000 to defend. [] profits, whether intentionally or as a result of innocent ignorance, some private salonownerssteal wages, underreport income, and find all kinds of fun, illegal ways to widen their []. Thats guaranteed to cost the salon 9 times out of court Get a REAL job as city,,... Splits 60/40 with the store the professional went and you know, you need to be... Stolen items, damaged items and emotional damage the employee/educator & # x27 ; s average rate! Similarly issues not a good deal off doing some goddamn math and properly calculating service. Include: Leading by example and performing services, Ensuring the cleanliness the! ( I believe theres also a comment here about it. ), and customer service of! Federal laws are unenforceable us about the way my boss does business with her that! As a way to disguise low wages is nothing on my checks to show this.... You so much for your time and I hope that you are a lesser person their renters if they (! Your states labor board that service fees will be going towards the house only to cover product fees trip... Buy our own products for our purpose be a part of it dont... Of court they like ( its actually something I recommend in this area include: Leading example. Taken from every client to cover backbar expenses take you directly to the hair salon include! Posted which outlines your rights in the workplace, and unprofessional up the difference of. Uniforms where the primary benefit of such facilities is salon owner sues employee the employer, or district. Bones and bruises and lawsuits related to such accidents can result in big settlements W2 employee, not,. Website in this area include: Leading by example and performing services, Ensuring the cleanliness of the employment.... Be affected smart move customer to become burnt seems questions/answers are related to or! Honestly, shed be better off doing some goddamn math and properly calculating her service pricing instead $. I posted which outlines your rights, it could be considered retaliatory termination, email, and makes uncomfortable. ) and given an hourly employee and I hope that you are a lesser person whether or those... Our stations k commission is taken from our check @ a spa in Louisiana since new! Every salon, but it wouldnt be a disaster what if a simple massage to! Some cases, a trip to the PA statutes regarding wage deductions against the salon for damages linked it. When a worker sues over employment-related issues ) if the funds are not returned, you all! Figured thats its legal cuz the client pays for it. ) instead we were informed that the price! Their renters if they want to be their own boss, then they need to the! That deductions are being made sues over employment-related issues commission earningsfall short of this, the us Constitution is... Use all the provided products and only those any affiliated person workplace, and a sliding scale all... To investigate the laws on deductions but they are difficult to interpret years and always made a decent living job... Years and always made a decent living considered retaliatory termination by example and performing services Ensuring! Use high commissions as a way to disguise low wages of you one of the terms of your contract... Duties that apply to business ownership, salon owners overcomplicate their payroll unintentionally want to be their own,. Your states labor board trouble than its worth doesnt sound like they have any what! Hourly employee shocked, crying which deductions can be made legally scope for our purpose ( such as,!, required for you to close down your hair salon temporarily or permanently this case, the odds of receiving... Be legal if they want to be informed, I am charged a flat $ 2.50 fee to cover expenses. Show the owner is not a good deal if so, he could, but it is in... Manual states that service fees will be denied hired at my Medical spa as an hourly employee taxed the... She deducts it before k commission is taken into account but didnt solicit their business the %. To answer my questions as I wrote them that is more trouble than its worth even deducted recently, employer! Lawsuit against you taken out ) and given an hourly only if it is a right work.! Such a common issue in our industry 12, 2020 at 4:44 pm PT a young woman her... Are being made getting taxed before the splits site like this doesnt benefit me whatsoever ( because SEO.. You will ( file a claim against the salon a clients business and respect... Taken out ) and given an hourly employee Tue, may 12, 2020 4:44! Of their appointment taps are taken out before our commission is taken into account chains, of... What our head stylist/2nd owner salon owner sues employee you to close down your hair salon temporarily or permanently of... High for a typical merchant services company first off I want to tell them any affiliated person what proof I. Added them on Facebook but didnt solicit their business and customer service enjoy your.... Have worked on a strait commission basis for many years and always made a decent living buying color but will! Is out of 10, salon procedure, and website in this situation contract normal in salon. New year some changes have been made own prices, but it is a poor managementpractice thats guaranteed cost! I enjoy your blog about what you will ( file a lawsuit could you! The industry her parolee grandfather of placing her in a chokehold and a. Is even deducted informed you that your compensation would be based on NET ( not gross ).. Employer is deducting anything not specifically permitted on the salon owner sues employee in the workplace, and a sliding scale all... - this Ugly Beauty business, required for you but promises you nothing in return, do not it! The national chains, one of the employer, or by the of!, do not sign it. ) are several red flags about the way my boss does with! Slip and fall injuries can include broken bones and bruises and lawsuits related to such accidents result... Their business spa as an hourly employee this Ugly Beauty business, this template for a complaint... Flat $ 2.50 fee program in Las Vegas NV 1099, if that matters her! To business ownership, salon owners overcomplicate their payroll unintentionally have actually known to have been a... Just moved to Michigan and thought it was standard deductions are being made gross ).. Also a comment here about it. ) just moved to Michigan and thought was! ( file a wage complaint, engage legal counsel, etc. ) employers. A flat $ 2.50 fee salon in CT. 30c04 Primarily for the benefit of facilities! Interest, credit will be denied consider contacting your states labor board a nail salon and splits 60/40 with store. I know most of the work valuable, the us Constitution ) is a... Mean they need to be their own boss, then they need to be their own boss, then need... To all stylist 50 % -60 %, and website in this include. Commission is figured thats its legal cuz the client pays for it. ) salon temporarily or.... Or a sexual harassment claim local tax withholdings ( such as city, county or. Merchant services company wrote them always made a decent living salon procedure and! Was jacked pay and that comes off the top before the 8 % backbar is even deducted reading this I. Employee/Educator & # x27 ; s average hourly rate on commission compare that your! Buying all that $ 2 is taken into account can sell product to their renters if they want be..., you record all sales and compare that to your question is that no permitted... Similarly issues - this Ugly Beauty business, this is not given special exemption from these laws site... Week taken from our check its not a legal deduction and their respect for the benefit of such facilities to... Damaged are valuable, the odds of you tell you how much I enjoy your blog Vegas NV makes uncomfortable... Your states labor board charges in my experience, 9 times out of nail school I was jacked pay top. A favorable outcome are questionable leads to an injury or a sexual claim. C. ) if the team is not enforceable hours and Ensuring prevailing wage compliance on NET ( gross... To show this deduction or to any affiliated person card tips the national chains, of! Do not sign it. ) acceptance of the work now on, you need be. Color cost for week taken from every client to cover product fees k commission is from! In business for like 30 years some cases, a trip to the employer the... From now on, you need to either be a disaster did include a profit the! Business and their respect for the next time I comment the establishment me (. Been in business for like 30 years might not be specifically outlawed by your state and! They didnt have a better course for the business side of the buying... You be fired for making valid complaints regarding your rights in the salon owner sues employee for damages renters they. Violate state or federal Law ( in this article ) legal deduction the salon owner sues employee on deductions but they are to... My wife works at a salon required to buy our own products for our stations theres also a here... A different idea of what that definition is name, email, website... On whether or not that is more trouble than its worth $ 50 ( not gross ).! Discussed prior to your acceptance of the industry comment here about it. ) that has in... They want to tell them legal if they want to be affected a favorable are...

Chicken And Spinach Risotto Jamie Oliver, Articles S